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Mu (shaman)
''Mu'' is an ancient Korean word defining a shaman-priest intermediary between the first god, gods of nature, and men, in the Korean traditional religion. They perform rituals called ''gut''. In modern Korea different terms are used for this ministry, the most notable being mudang (mostly for females), baksu (only for males), tangol, tangur.
==Etymology==
The Korean word ''mu'' is thought to come from the same root as the Chinese ''wu'',〔Jung Young Lee, 1981. pp. 3-5〕 defining a shaman-priest of both sexes. The Korean language and culture, however, has developed its own terminology: already in Yi dynasty records, ''mudang'' is used prevalently instead of ''mu''.〔Jung Young Lee, 1981. p. 3〕 Also ''mudang'' apparently derives from Chinese, and originally meant the "altar (shrine ) of ''mu''" and not the person itself.〔 A different etymology explains ''mudang'' as stemming directly from the Uralo-Altaic term ''utagan'' or ''utakan'', for Central Asian female shamans.〔
''Mudang'' is used mostly for female shamans, though not exclusively.〔 Male Korean ''mu'' are called by a variety of names, such as ''sana mudang'' (literally "male ''mudang''") in the Seoul area, or ''baksu mudang'', also shortened ''baksu'' ("doctor", "healer") in the Pyongyang area.〔 It is reasonable to believe that ''baksu'' is an ancient authentic designation of male shamans, and that locutions like ''sana mudang'' or ''baksu mudang'' were formed because of the prevalence of female shamans in recent centuries.〔Jung Young Lee, 1981. pp. 3-4〕 ''Baksu'' may come from a Korean adaptation of Ural-Altaic names for male shamans, such as ''baksi'', ''balsi'' or ''bahsih''.〔Jung Young Lee, 1981. p. 4〕
The Ural-Altaic origin of Muist terminology is more reasonable than other theories pointing out a Chinese origin,〔 since the Chinese culture influenced Korea in a later period than that when the origins of the latter can be traced.〔 Koreans adopted the Chinese characters in historical times filtering their previously oral religious culture.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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